{"id":64124,"date":"2022-05-06T17:29:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T17:29:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fluency.io\/br\/blog\/fluency-news-80-endless-possibilities-for-plastic-recycling\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T13:32:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T16:32:18","slug":"fluency-news-80-endless-possibilities-for-plastic-recycling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/homolog.fluency.io\/br\/blog\/fluency-news-80-endless-possibilities-for-plastic-recycling\/","title":{"rendered":"Fluency News: Endless possibilities for plastic recycling"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hello, everyone!<\/em>\u200d<\/p>\n

Sejam bem-vindos e bem-vindas a mais um epis\u00f3dio da nossa s\u00e9rie de podcasts, o Fluency News<\/strong>! Aqui voc\u00ea vai treinar a sua escuta e ficar por dentro do que est\u00e1 acontecendo no mundo, sempre com as principais not\u00edcias da semana, tudo em ingl\u00eas! Ao longo do epis\u00f3dio, n\u00f3s tamb\u00e9m adicionamos explica\u00e7\u00f5es em portugu\u00eas das coisas que achamos que precisam de mais aten\u00e7\u00e3o, assim voc\u00ea n\u00e3o perde nenhum detalhe!<\/p>\n

\u200dNo epis\u00f3dio desta semana, n\u00f3s falamos sobre a mudan\u00e7a de uma lei no Canad\u00e1. N\u00f3s tamb\u00e9m falamos sobre as temperaturas absurdas que est\u00e3o assolando a \u00cdndia e o Paquist\u00e3o, sobre o perfeito funcionamento do telesc\u00f3pio Webb, e sobre a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de uma enzima que pode mudar o mundo da reciclagem.<\/em>\u200d<\/p>\n

Temos uma p\u00e1gina de dicas de ingl\u00eas no Instagram, aproveite para conferir! @fluencytvingles
\nToda semana temos um novo epis\u00f3dio do Fluency News, n\u00e3o deixe de escutar! See you!<\/p>\n

Transcri\u00e7\u00e3o do epis\u00f3dio<\/h4>\n

What\u2019s up, everyone! Welcome back to Fluency News, Fluency Academy\u2019s news podcast. I\u2019m Scott Lowe, and thank you for joining me today. Can you believe we\u2019re on episode 80 already? If this is your first time here, don\u2019t worry! We bring you the most relevant news stories from around the world each week, so you can improve your English and become informed!<\/em><\/p>\n

Before we jump into today\u2019s stories, let me just remind you to head over to fluency.io to have access to the transcript of this episode and all of our sources. There you\u2019ll also find thousands of free lessons on all the languages Fluency Academy currently teaches, so make sure to check it out. Now, let\u2019s jump in!<\/em><\/p>\n

Our first story this week comes from Canada, where health officials have removed a ban on blood donations from gay men.<\/em><\/p>\n

The old rule prevented donations from men who have had sex with other men within three months of giving blood. Health Canada called the move “a significant milestone toward a more inclusive blood donation system”.<\/em><\/p>\n

As of September, prospective donors will not be asked about their sexual orientation during the screening process, but instead about whether they engage in any <\/em>higher-risk<\/em><\/strong> sexual behaviors.<\/em><\/p>\n

The policy change comes after Canadian Blood Services, which collects blood and blood product donations across most of the country, submitted a request last year to scrap the rule.<\/em><\/p>\n

Canada’s ban was first put in place in 1992, when HIV was poorly understood and thousands of blood recipients had recently been infected with the virus from donations.<\/em><\/p>\n

The donation ban was initially for life, but that policy was first eased in 2013, when men who had sex with men were allowed to donate after being abstinent for five years. That was later eased to the current <\/em>three-month<\/em><\/strong> period.<\/em><\/p>\n

At a news conference on Thursday, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said the change that was long overdue, calling the current approach “discriminatory and wrong”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Many countries instituted similar donation bans during the Aids epidemic of the 1980s.<\/em><\/p>\n

Experts have found that the bans had little effect, since blood is now systematically screened in advance for viruses such as HIV and Hepatitis B and C. Likewise, sexual orientation is not the cause for such sexually transmitted illnesses; having no correlation to their emergence.<\/em><\/p>\n

The UK lifted its own <\/em>three-month<\/em><\/strong> ban on blood donations from gay men last year. France, Greece, Israel, Hungary, Denmark and Brazil have also recently lifted restrictions.<\/em><\/p>\n

Adjetivos compostos s\u00e3o aqueles que apresentam mais de um elemento, mas tem um sentido \u00fanico. Nessa hist\u00f3ria, n\u00f3s temos alguns exemplos, como <\/em>higher-risk<\/em><\/strong> e <\/em>three-month<\/em><\/strong>. Esses compound adjectives, como s\u00e3o chamados em ingl\u00eas, s\u00e3o f\u00e1ceis de identificar, porque s\u00e3o caracter\u00edsticas divididas por um h\u00edfen. Existem formas diferentes de formar os adjetivos compostos. Voc\u00ea pode unir duas ou mais palavras, e essas palavras podem ser substantivos, adjetivos, n\u00fameros, adv\u00e9rbios e verbos no \u201cPresent Participle\u201d ou \u201cPast Participle\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

O adjetivo composto aparece na frase antes da palavra (substantivo) a que est\u00e1 fazendo refer\u00eancia, e tem um sentido \u00fanico, apesar de ser formados por mais palavras. Aqui, <\/em>higher-risk, <\/em><\/strong>por exemplo, \u00e9 o adjetivo composto de \u201cbehavior\u201d, falando de comportamentos de maior risco.<\/em><\/p>\n

The James Webb Space Telescope is ready to observe the universe.<\/em><\/p>\n

The space observatory’s massive mirror, capable of peering into the most distant reaches of space, is now completely aligned, according to the NASA’s Webb team.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hailed as the world’s premier space observatory, Webb has successfully completed a number of steps within the past few months that were crucial for aligning its 18 gold mirror segments.<\/em><\/p>\n

Webb will be able to peer inside the atmospheres of exoplanets and observe some of the first galaxies created after the universe began <\/em>by observing<\/em><\/strong> them through infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye.<\/em><\/p>\n

The first high-resolution images Webb collects of the cosmos aren’t expected until the end of June since the observatory’s instruments still need to be calibrated. But test results released by NASA show the clear, well-focused images that the observatory’s four instruments are capable of capturing. Together, these images share the telescope’s full field of view. Webb’s mirrors are directing focused light from space into each instrument and those instruments are capturing images.<\/em><\/p>\n

“These remarkable test images from a successfully aligned telescope demonstrate what people across countries and continents can achieve when there is a bold scientific vision to explore the universe,” said Lee Feinberg, Webb optical telescope element manager.<\/em><\/p>\n

The telescope team expects that the observatory may even exceed the goals it was meant to achieve because it’s already performing better than expected.<\/em><\/p>\n

For the next couple months, the team will ensure all of the instruments are calibrated and configured.<\/em><\/p>\n

And this winter, we’ll see Webb’s first glimpses that could unlock the mysteries of the universe.<\/em><\/p>\n

Em ingl\u00eas, usamos o ger\u00fandio em algumas situa\u00e7\u00f5es diferentes. O -ING \u00e9 uma estrutura que pode ser usada de variadas formas e significados. Nessa not\u00edcia, temos as palavras <\/em>by observing<\/em><\/strong>. Uma preposi\u00e7\u00e3o, <\/em>by<\/em><\/strong>, seguida de um verbo no ger\u00fandio, terminando em ING. Sempre que temos um verbo depois de uma preposi\u00e7\u00e3o em ingl\u00eas, o verbo vai ser acrescido do ING. Veja alguns exemplos simples: I’m afraid <\/em>of going<\/em><\/strong> out by myself. He is used<\/em> to walking<\/em><\/strong> in the rain. You should apologize <\/em>for being<\/em><\/strong> so rude. Agora voc\u00ea j\u00e1 sabe, ap\u00f3s uma preposi\u00e7\u00e3o, todo e qualquer verbo deve ser escrito com -ing. Voc\u00ea vai notar essas regrinhas com mais frequ\u00eancia com o uso e contato com o ingl\u00eas. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel at\u00e9 que voc\u00ea j\u00e1 tenha sabido disso, s\u00f3 n\u00e3o sabia que sabia! Algumas coisas n\u00f3s aprendemos por contato e intui\u00e7\u00e3o, e n\u00e3o por saber as regras gramaticais!<\/em><\/p>\n

Temperatures in parts of India and Pakistan have reached record levels, putting the lives of millions at risk as the effects of the climate crisis are felt across the subcontinent. The heatwave is ‘testing the limits of human survivability,’ expert says.<\/em><\/p>\n

Locals have been suffering through weeks of temperatures that have repeatedly hit almost 50C, unprecedented for this time of year. People have been driven into their homes, unable to work except during the cooler night hours, and are facing critical shortages of water and power.<\/em><\/p>\n

Last month, New Delhi saw seven consecutive days over 40 degrees Celsius, three degrees above the average temperature for the month of April, according to CNN meteorologists. In some states, the heat closed schools, damaged crops and put pressure on energy supplies, as officials warned residents to remain indoors and keep hydrated.<\/em><\/p>\n

North-west and central India experienced the hottest April in 122 years, while Jacobabad, a city in Pakistan\u2019s Sindh province, hit 49C on Saturday, one of the highest April temperatures ever recorded in the world.<\/em><\/p>\n

The heatwave has already had a devastating impact on crops, including wheat and various fruits and vegetables. In India, the yield from wheat crops has dropped by up to 50% in some of the areas worst hit by the extreme temperatures, worsening fears of global shortages following Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine, which has already had a devastating impact on supplies.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sherry Rehman, Pakistan\u2019s minister for climate change, told the Guardian that the country was facing an \u201cexistential crisis\u201d as climate emergencies were being felt from the north to south of the country.<\/em><\/p>\n

Rehman warned that the heatwave was causing the glaciers in the north of the country to melt at an unprecedented rate, and that thousands were at risk of being caught in flood bursts. She also said that the sizzling temperatures were not only impacting crops but water supply as well. \u201cThe water reservoirs dry up. Our big dams are at dead level right now, and sources of water are scarce,\u201d she said.<\/em><\/p>\n

Rehman said the heatwave should be a wake-up call to the international community. \u201cClimate and weather events are here to stay and will in fact only accelerate in their scale and intensity if global leaders don\u2019t act now,\u201d she said.<\/em><\/p>\n

And our final story today comes from a group of engineers and scientists at the University of Texas. They have created an enzyme variant that can break down environment-throttling plastics that typically take centuries to degrade, in just a matter of hours to days.<\/em><\/p>\n

This discovery could help solve one of the world\u2019s most pressing environmental problems: what to do with the billions of tons of plastic waste piling up in landfills and polluting our natural lands and water. The enzyme has the potential to supercharge recycling on a large scale that would allow major industries to reduce their environmental impact by recovering and reusing plastics at the molecular level.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cThe possibilities are endless across industries to leverage this leading-edge recycling process,\u201d said Hal Alper, professor in the McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering at UT Austin. \u201cBeyond the obvious waste management industry, this also provides corporations from every sector the opportunity to take a lead in recycling their products. Through these more sustainable enzyme approaches, we can begin to envision a true circular plastics economy.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

The project focuses on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a significant polymer found in most consumer packaging, including cookie containers, soda bottles, fruit and salad packaging, and certain fibers and textiles. It <\/em>makes up<\/em><\/strong> 12% of all global waste.<\/em><\/p>\n

The enzyme was able to complete a \u201ccircular process\u201d of breaking down the plastic into smaller parts and then chemically putting it back together. In some cases, these plastics can be fully broken down to monomers in as little as 24 hours.<\/em><\/p>\n

Recycling is the most obvious way to cut down on plastic waste. But globally, less than 10% of all plastic has been recycled. The most common method for disposing of plastic, besides throwing it in a landfill, is to burn it, which is costly, energy intensive and spews noxious gas into the air. Other alternative industrial processes include very energy-intensive processes.<\/em><\/p>\n

Biological solutions take much less energy. Research on enzymes for plastic recycling has advanced during the past 15 years. However, until now, no one had been able to figure out how to make enzymes that could operate efficiently at low temperatures to make them both portable and affordable at large industrial scale.<\/em><\/p>\n

Next, the team plans to work on scaling up enzyme production to prepare for industrial and environmental application.<\/em><\/p>\n

Voc\u00ea provavelmente j\u00e1 viu o verbo <\/em>make<\/em><\/strong> e a preposi\u00e7\u00e3o <\/em>up<\/em><\/strong> combinados para formar phrasal verbs diferentes, que tem significados diferentes. <\/em>Make up <\/em><\/strong>pode ser inventar, criar, recuperar, compensar, formar, e mais alguns outros significados. Nessa not\u00edcia, vimos que PET <\/em>makes up<\/em><\/strong> 12% of all global waste. Nessa caso, <\/em>make up<\/em><\/strong> significa comp\u00f5e, no sentido de ser composto por. Ent\u00e3o, esse pl\u00e1stico comp\u00f5e 12% de todo o lixo global. Esse \u00e9 um dos motivos pelos quais o contexto de uma palavra \u00e9 mais importante do que o significado individual dela. Assim como no portugu\u00eas, uma palavra pode ter mil sentidos, e voc\u00ea s\u00f3 vai saber o correto quando compreender o contexto em que essa palavra est\u00e1 inserida.<\/em><\/p>\n

And this is where today\u2019s episode ends, folks.<\/em><\/p>\n

E voc\u00ea sabia que a gente tem uma lista de espera? Se voc\u00ea quer aprender ingl\u00eas, espanhol, franc\u00eas, italiano, alem\u00e3o, japon\u00eas, mandarim ou coreano, voc\u00ea pode se inscrever na nossa lista de espera 100% de gra\u00e7a!<\/em><\/p>\n

Assim voc\u00ea n\u00e3o vai perder a oportunidade de estudar com os superprofessores da FluencyTV quando a gente abrir uma nova turma. \u00c9 super r\u00e1pido: aperte o link na descri\u00e7\u00e3o desse epis\u00f3dio e fa\u00e7a a sua inscri\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/em><\/p>\n

Remember, there\u2019s a new episode of Fluency News every week, and we look forward to having you with us. See you soon. Peace.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u200d<\/em>Stories<\/em><\/strong>\u200d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u200d<\/em>Canada removes ban on blood donations from gay men<\/em><\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-61265645<\/em><\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/canada-removes-barriers-on-gay-men-donating-blood\/a-61630681<\/em><\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/article-health-canada-ends-ban-on-blood-donations-from-gay-men\/<\/em><\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/health\/health-canada-blood-ban-1.643407<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\u200d<\/em><\/a>\u200d<\/em>The James Webb Space Telescope is fully aligned and ready to observe the universe<\/em><\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2022\/04\/28\/world\/james-webb-space-telescope-alignment-scn\/index.html<\/em><\/a>\u200d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u200d<\/em>\u2018We are living in hell\u2019: Pakistan and India suffer extreme spring heatwaves<\/em><\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/may\/02\/pakistan-india-heatwaves-water-electricity-shortages<\/em><\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2022\/05\/02\/asia\/india-pakistan-heatwave-climate-intl-hnk\/index.html<\/em><\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/india-news\/surface-temp-tops-60-c-satellite-images-show-101651343166998.html?s=09<\/em><\/a>\u200d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u200d<\/em>Plastic-eating Enzyme Could Eliminate Billions of Tons of Landfill Waste<\/em><\/strong>
\nhttps:\/\/news.utexas.edu\/2022\/04\/27\/plastic-eating-enzyme-could-eliminate-billions-of-tons-of-landfill-waste\/<\/em><\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2022\/04\/220427115722.htm<\/em><\/a>
\nhttps:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/science\/texas-plastic-eating-enzyme-waste-landfills<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sejam bem-vindos e bem-vindas a mais um epis\u00f3dio da nossa s\u00e9rie de podcasts, o Fluency News!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":64125,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":[183],"meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[163],"tags":[],"trilha":[],"class_list":["post-64124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura","tipo-podcast-fluency-news","format-podcast"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFluency News: Endless possibilities for plastic recycling<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fique por dentro de tudo o que acontece no pa\u00eds e no mundo enquanto pratica o seu ingl\u00eas. 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