{"id":64728,"date":"2021-03-21T17:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-21T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fluency.io\/br\/blog\/fluencynews-09\/"},"modified":"2024-08-26T11:30:04","modified_gmt":"2024-08-26T14:30:04","slug":"fluencynews-09","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/homolog.fluency.io\/br\/blog\/fluencynews-09\/","title":{"rendered":"Fluency News #09"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hello, everyone!<\/em><\/p>\n

Sejam bem-vindos e bem-vindas a mais um epis\u00f3dio da nossa nova s\u00e9rie de podcasts, o Fluency News<\/strong>! Aqui, voc\u00ea vai treinar a sua escuta e ficar por dentro do que est\u00e1 acontecendo no mundo, sempre com as tr\u00eas principais not\u00edcias da semana, tudo em ingl\u00eas! Ao longo do epis\u00f3dio, n\u00f3s tamb\u00e9m adicionamos explica\u00e7\u00f5es em portugu\u00eas das coisas que achamos que precisam de mais aten\u00e7\u00e3o, assim voc\u00ea n\u00e3o perde nenhum detalhe!<\/p>\n

No epis\u00f3dio desta semana, n\u00f3s falamos sobre o que est\u00e1 acontecendo na Casa Branca desde que Trump anunciou que ele e a Primeira Dama testaram positivo para o coronav\u00edrus. N\u00f3s tamb\u00e9m falamos sobre as duas cientistas que ganharam o pr\u00eamio Nobel de qu\u00edmica, a prov\u00e1vel causa da morte de 95% da vida marinha em uma prov\u00edncia russa e, por fim, sobre como a Nova Zel\u00e2ndia venceu a COVID-19 pela segunda vez.<\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00f3s temos uma nova p\u00e1gina de dicas de ingl\u00eas no Instagram, v\u00e1 conferir! @fluencytvingles<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toda semana temos um novo epis\u00f3dio do Fluency News, n\u00e3o deixe de escutar! See you!<\/p>\n

Sources:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tracking the White House Coronavirus Outbreak https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/10\/02\/us\/politics\/trump-contact-tracing-covid.html<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/02\/us\/politics\/trump-positive-coronavirus-test.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage<\/p>\n

Scientists win historic Nobel chemistry prize for ‘genetic scissors’ https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/amp\/science-environment-54432589<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nobel-prize-chemistry\/creators-of-gene-scissors-clinch-nobel-as-women-sweep-chemistry-idUSKBN26S1FX<\/p>\n

Russian rocket fuel leak likely cause of marine animal deathshttps:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/oct\/05\/marine-poisoning-in-kamchatka-russia-may-be-rocket-fuel-leak<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.themoscowtimes.com\/2020\/10\/06\/95-of-marine-life-on-sea-floor-killed-in-kamchatka-eco-disaster-scientists-say-a71672<\/p>\n

New Zealand beats COVID-19 for the second time, today.https:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/nz\/news\/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=12371156<\/p>\n

\u200d<\/p>\n

Transcri\u00e7\u00e3o do Epis\u00f3dio
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

What is up, guys! Welcome back to Fluency News! I\u2019m Scott Lowe and I\u2019m thrilled to have you with me here today. Fluency News is Fluency Academy\u2019s newest podcast series and it\u2019s perfect for you to train your listening skills while getting informed about what\u2019s happening in the world. As you probably already know, I\u2019m American and I live in Colorado, but I left my heart back in Manaus a while ago. So sad.
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Before we dive in this week\u2019s news, let me remind you a couple of things. One, we have a new Instagram page, @fluencytvingles. If you haven\u2019t checked it out yet, well what are you waiting for? You\u2019ll get a bunch of tips and free content there! I have a couple of tips there already, and you can get to know some other faces of this awesome team. Again, that\u2019s @fluencytvingles. Thing number two, if you\u2019re listening to us through a streaming platform, did you know we have a content portal? It\u2019s called Fluency Tv, and you can access it by clicking the link in the description or going to fluency.io.
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ok, let\u2019s get started!<\/strong> First, let\u2019s check out what’s been happening over at the White House.
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Last Monday, President Trump updated the nation on the administration\u2019s coronavirus testing strategy and announced a plan to distribute 150 million rapid tests. By early Friday morning, he had the virus himself. On the days in between, Mr. Trump interacted with scores of staff members, donors and supporters. Even the woman he has nominated to the Supreme Court, Judge Amy Coney Barrett, has been at the White House this week. The president held preparation sessions with staff members for his debate Tuesday night with former Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., in the tight quarters of the West Wing, where officials who are tested regularly have relied on negative results as an excuse to forgo masks and other safety precautions.<\/p>\n

He attended a closed-door fund-raiser at a private home of a wealthy supporter in Minneapolis, and he appeared before thousands of people at a rally in Duluth, Minn., where most of the crowd did not wear masks. He also shared a stage with Mr. Biden. It is not yet clear when and how Mr. Trump contracted the virus. The president and the first lady said they had both tested positive hours after one of his closest aides, Hope Hicks, also tested positive. Ms. Hicks received the diagnosis after she began experiencing symptoms on Wednesday while attending the president\u2019s rally in Minnesota. Mr. Trump kept his appearance there to about 45 minutes, roughly half the length of one of his typical rally speeches. On Monday in the Rose Garden, Mr. Trump boasted about the progress he said that his administration had made toward increasing testing capacity.<\/p>\n

\u201cI say, and I\u2019ll say it all the time: We\u2019re rounding the corner,\u201d Mr. Trump said. He was joined by Vice President Mike Pence; Alex M. Azar II, the health secretary; Betsy DeVos, the education secretary; and the chief executive of Abbott Laboratories, Robert Ford.<\/p>\n

On Tuesday Mr. Trump was accompanied by all of his adult children and senior members of his White House and campaign staff on Air Force One en route to Cleveland for the first presidential debate. None of them wore masks as they were seen boarding and deplaning. Bill Stepien, the president\u2019s campaign manager, was seen on board without a mask and then was spotted getting into a staff van with Ms. Hicks.<\/p>\n

\u201cI think masks are OK,\u201d Mr. Trump said, adding: \u201cI put a mask on when I think I need it. Tonight, as an example, everybody\u2019s had a test and you\u2019ve had social distancing and all of the things that you have to, but I wear masks when needed.\u201d The president then addressed Mr. Biden, saying: \u201cI don\u2019t wear a mask like him. Every time you see him, he\u2019s got a mask. He could be speaking 200 feet away from them and he shows up with the biggest mask I\u2019ve ever seen.\u201d<\/p>\n

President Trump\u2019s announcement Friday that he and the first lady had tested positive for the coronavirus sent government officials scrambling to determine who else might have been exposed. By Tuesday evening, more than 20 people who had been in contact with the president or attended White House or campaign events last week had said they had tested positive. Several people who met with the president last week said they had since tested negative. But it can take days for someone who has been exposed to the virus to develop symptoms or to test positive. On Monday morning, Kayleigh McEnany, the White House press secretary, said she had tested positive.<\/p>\n

The outbreak has extended beyond Mr. Trump\u2019s inner circle to threaten several people who may not have had direct contact with him. Two deputies in the White House Press Office have tested positive, and three journalists have also tested positive after covering White House events. In addition to regular meetings and news conferences at the White House, Mr. Trump attended several large gatherings in the past week, including the first presidential debate in Cleveland and rallies in Pennsylvania and Minnesota. He went ahead with a round table and reception in New Jersey on Thursday after a close aide, Hope Hicks, tested positive for the virus. And it would seem that the results are still coming in. Every day there are reports of newly infected, and while the president is no longer in the hospital, he is getting the best medical care available.\u200d<\/em><\/p>\n

Em portugu\u00eas e em ingl\u00eas, existem formas diferentes de dizer a mesma coisa. Se eu quiser dizer que eu tenho uma bicicleta, por exemplo, eu posso dizer I HAVE a bicycle. Mas se eu quiser dizer que tem um rasgo na minha blusa, n\u00e3o posso usar o verbo HAVE. Nesse caso, n\u00f3s usamos \u201cthere is\u201d. There is a tear on my shirt. Em ingl\u00eas, quando n\u00f3s estamos falando de ter, no sentido de existir, usamos sempre there e o verbo be, seja no singular, plural, presente ou passado. Nessa not\u00edcia, eu disse there are reports of newly infected every day, o significa que t\u00eam casos novos sendo reportados todos os dias. Nesse caso, n\u00e3o existe uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o perfeita para o \u201cthere\u201d, mas \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio us\u00e1-lo para dar esse sentido de alguma coisa existir. Tem uma pizza na mesa, there is a pizza on the table. Tem duas pizzas na mesa, there are two pizzas on the table.<\/em>\u200d<\/p>\n

Our second story of the day is around the historic Nobel chemistry prize.<\/strong> Two scientists have been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing the tools to edit DNA. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna are the first two women to share the prize, which honors their work on the technology of genome editing. Their discovery, known as Crispr-Cas9 “genetic scissors”, is a way of making specific and precise changes to the DNA contained in living cells. Biological chemist Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede, commented: “The ability to cut DNA where you want has revolutionized the life sciences.” Not only has the women’s technology been transformative for basic research, it could also be used to treat inherited illnesses.<\/p>\n

Professor Charpentier, from the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Berlin, said it was an emotional moment when she learned about the award. “When it happens, you’re very surprised, and you think it’s not real. But obviously it’s real,” she said. On being one of the first two women to share the prize, Prof Charpentier said: “I wish that this will provide a positive message specifically for young girls who would like to follow the path of science… and to show them that women in science can also have an impact with the research they are performing.” She continued: “This is not just for women, but we see a clear lack of interest in following a scientific path, which is very worrying.”<\/p>\n

During Prof Charpentier’s studies of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes , she discovered a previously unknown molecule called tracrRNA. Her work showed that tracrRNA is part of the organism’s system of immune defence. This system, known as Crispr-Cas, disarms viruses by cleaving their DNA – like genetic scissors. In 2011, the same year she published this work, Prof Charpentier began a collaboration with Prof Doudna, from the University of California, Berkeley. The two had been introduced by a colleague of Doudna’s at a cafe in Puerto Rico, where the scientists were attending a conference. And it was on the following day, during a walk through the streets of the island’s capital, San Juan, that Prof Charpentier proposed the idea of joining forces. The scientists will split the prize money of 10 million Swedish crown (R$6,330,435).\u200d<\/em><\/p>\n

Nessa hist\u00f3ria incr\u00edvel, n\u00f3s temos uma frase bem interessante. Uma das cientistas diz: I wish that this will provide a positive message\u2026 O que ela est\u00e1 dizendo \u00e9 que deseja que isso se torne uma mensagem positiva para jovens meninas. O que \u00e9 uma mensagem muito boa mesmo, mas eu quero focar mais na estrutura que ela usou. I wish this will provide. Quando n\u00f3s usamos I wish, estamos falando de algo que gostar\u00edamos, que quer\u00edamos alguma coisa. N\u00f3s usamos com tempos verbais e acompanhamentos diferentes dependendo do sentido. Aqui, ela usa com o will, para indicar o futuro, mas \u00e9 mais comum ver o wish acompanhado do could, que \u00e9 um verbo modal. I wish I could significa eu gostaria de poder, ou algo como isso, e indica um desejo de que a situa\u00e7\u00e3o fosse diferente.<\/em>\u200d<\/p>\n

Next, in some not so good news, scientists say 95% of marine life on sea floor was killed in Kamchatka<\/strong>. Water pollution in Russia\u2019s Kamchatka peninsula that caused sea creatures to wash up dead on beaches has prompted fears that rocket fuel stored in the region\u2019s military testing grounds may have leaked. The pollution came to light late last month after surfers reported stinging eyes and said the water had changed color and developed an odor. Officials later confirmed the surfers had sustained mild burns to their corneas.<\/p>\n

Then locals reported seeing large numbers of dead marine species including seals, octopuses and sea urchins washed up on a black-sand beach popular with tourists. The regional governor, Vladimir Solodov, said on Monday the sea off the remote Kamchatka peninsula may have been contaminated with toxic chemicals. Greenpeace, which has been assessing the area, warned of an \u201cecological disaster\u201d. Officials said tests showed above-permitted levels of phenol and petroleum products. Experts were investigating whether this was linked to spills of toxic substances, Solodov said.<\/p>\n

He added that divers had confirmed the deaths of sea creatures and pollution appeared to be spread over a wide area. Officials are scrambling to find the cause after President Vladimir Putin in June reacted angrily to the late reporting of an oil leak in Arctic Siberia that poured thousands of tons of diesel into land and waterways. The ecology minister, Dmitry Kobylkin, said in televised comments that Putin had ordered him to establish the cause of the situation. The Kamchatka governor, dressed in a \u201cI\/We are the Pacific Ocean\u201d T-shirt, vowed on Instagram to lead a \u201ctransparent\u201d investigation and sack any official who covered up the scale of the pollution. He said there would be checks on Tuesday at two military testing sites, Radygino and Kozelsky, that could be responsible, citing a \u201cyellow film\u201d on a local river.<\/p>\n

\u201cEarly tomorrow morning there will be inspections of two key test sites that are raising everyone\u2019s concerns,\u201d he said. Some experts have suggested highly toxic rocket fuel could have leaked into the sea. The first test site, Radygino, is about six miles (10km) from the sea and was used for drills in August. Vladimir Burkanov, a biologist specializing in seals, in a comment published by the Novaya Gazeta opposition newspaper, suggested old stores of rocket fuel kept in Radygino could have rusted and the fuel leaked into streams. The other site, Kozelsky, has been used to bury toxic chemicals and pesticides, according to the governor\u2019s website.<\/p>\n

Greenpeace said its team had seen patches of yellowish foam and murky water in several locations, with some pollution drifting towards a Unesco-protected area of volcanoes. The group said it saw dead animals in one area. Kobylkin said in televised comments that so far tests had found only slightly raised levels of iron and phosphates and suggested the incident might not be man-made but caused by the stormy conditions and micro-organisms altering the oxygen levels. Environmental inspectors and experts from a fisheries and oceanography research center were continuing tests. Greenpeace said it had contacted state ecological monitors, the armed forces and the prosecutor general\u2019s office urging an immediate investigation. Prosecutors and investigators announced they would carry out checks into whether a crime had been committed but have not released any findings.<\/p>\n

The emergencies ministry said it was using boats and drones to monitor the coastline but no pollution was visible. Solodov said it was a problem that the region had no unified system of environmental monitoring. The pristine peninsula is a popular destination for adventure tourism because of an abundance of wildlife and live volcanoes. The incident came as authorities urged tourists not to visit a live volcano on Kamchatka owing to fears of an imminent eruption.\u200d<\/em><\/p>\n

Se voc\u00ea consume bastante conte\u00fado em ingl\u00eas, j\u00e1 deve ter reparado na diferen\u00e7a de sotaques e express\u00f5es entre o ingl\u00eas brit\u00e2nico e o ingl\u00eas americano, certo? Voc\u00ea sabia que tamb\u00e9m existem diferen\u00e7as na escrita de algumas palavras? As palavras center e theater, por exemp\u013ao, s\u00e3o escritas de forma diferente nos dicion\u00e1rios brit\u00e2nicos e americanos. Nos EUA, essas palavras s\u00e3o escritas C-E-N-T-E-R e T-H-E-A-T-E-R, enquando s\u00e3o escritas com o R e o E invertidos na Inglaterra (centre, theatre). Al\u00e9m disso, palavras como color, honor e odor tem um U no ingl\u00eas brit\u00e2nico, mas n\u00e3o no americano. E por fim, por hoje, palavras como realise, analise s\u00e3o escritas com S na Inglaterra e com Z nos Estados Unidos. Ah, e o Canad\u00e1 segue a escrita inglesa, e n\u00e3o a americana, mesmo dividindo fronteiras com o pa\u00eds do Trump.<\/em>\u200d<\/p>\n

And, real quick, let\u2019s see some good news!<\/strong> Our excellent news, in fact, come from New Zealand, as they beat COVID-19 for the second time. The first time New Zealand thought it had eliminated the coronavirus from its isolated shores, a mysterious outbreak in its largest city shattered any sense of victory over a tenacious foe. Now, after a second round of strict lockdown, the country believes \u2014 if a bit more tentatively this time \u2014 that it has effectively stamped out the virus once again. On Wednesday, New Zealand moved to lift the last of its restrictions in Auckland after 10 days with no new cases linked to a cluster that first surfaced in August. The government will now allow unrestricted gatherings, and trips on public transit without social distancing or masks, in the city of 1.6 million people. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, who is facing re-election next week, called the reopening a validation of the country\u2019s \u201cgo hard, go early\u201d response. The strategy is aimed at eradicating the virus with a swift science-based policy, one that trades weeks of lockdown and sacrifice for an emergence to full economic activity.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur team of five million, a little more battle-weary this time, did what national teams do so often. We put our heads down, and we got on with it,\u201d Ms. Ardern told reporters in Christchurch on Monday as she announced that the restrictions would be loosened, referring to the total number of people in New Zealand. \u201cYou only had to look around the world to see the alternative to our approach here in New Zealand,\u201d she said, adding that there was a 95 percent probability that the country had eliminated local transmission of the virus.<\/p>\n

Experts cautioned that New Zealand\u2019s small population and isolation meant it was uniquely positioned to manage the disease. But its success presents a stark contrast to many other parts of the world as deaths from the pandemic have surpassed one million. India is being devastated by the virus after proceeding with its economic reopening even as a second wave washed over the country. In the United States and Brazil, leaders have continued to play down the pandemic\u2019s dangers even as they themselves have been infected. The word \u201celimination\u201d in relation to the virus, said Michael Baker, an epidemiologist at the University of Otago, \u201cmight stick in the throat for some politicians, because it seems too tough, but as we found in New Zealand, it\u2019s a goal you aim for, and you accept you might have outbreaks.\u201d<\/p>\n

Professor Baker helped devise the country\u2019s elimination strategy. He said that despite early fears that severe lockdowns would irreparably damage the economy, New Zealand\u2019s approach had proved that the best economic response was a strong public health response, including a blitz of testing, contact tracing and quarantining. Much of the rest of the Western world, Professor Baker added, has \u201cadopted the approach of complacent exceptionalism \u2014 that they wouldn\u2019t get the virus, or it wouldn\u2019t be as severe as they thought, and the pandemic has proved them wrong.\u201d In Auckland, where gatherings had been restricted to 100 people and masks had been mandated on public transport, the rules were eased at 11:59 p.m. on Wednesday. People are no longer required to wear masks in public, but must continue to sign in at and keep records of locations they visit, maintain good hygiene practices and, if unwell, remain at home and get tested for the virus. The national border remains closed to almost all travelers except New Zealand citizens and permanent residents.<\/p>\n

While residents said they were relieved, they did not expect an immediate return to normal life. \u201cPeople have stayed in their suburbs and supported their local restaurants, so where in the past I was in a really good spot, now not so much,\u201d said Yael Shochat, who has run Ima Cuisine, a restaurant in downtown Auckland, for almost two decades. \u201cBut the most important thing is we have eliminated the virus again, and that makes people confident to come out,\u201d Ms. Shochat said. \u201cI\u2019m hoping that as Christmas comes, people will really want to go out and party \u2014 it\u2019s been a horrible year.\u201d<\/p>\n

Others said they had been frustrated at restrictions that seemed too stringent, preventing them from applying for visas or doing work considered nonessential by the government. And some who acknowledged that the measures were necessary said they felt that not enough had been done to assist them. \u201cI can\u2019t get any help from the government,\u201d said Sherrie Edwards, 51, who after losing her job as an importer in recent months said she feared that she might have to sell her home to make ends meet. Ms. Edwards said she was feeling \u201cquite depressed.\u201d While the economic pain has been acute for many, New Zealand has kept the number of cases and deaths from the coronavirus low. The country has had 1,505 confirmed cases and 25 deaths in total, and as of Wednesday, just three new cases of the virus had been recorded, all of them people still in quarantine after arriving from overseas.<\/p>\n

The numbers have worked in Ms. Ardern\u2019s favor, placing her ahead in the polls before the country\u2019s elections on Oct. 17. \u201cI was always leaning toward Labor, but this has well and truly solidified it for me,\u201d said Christopher Carroll, a 31-year-old primary school teacher in Auckland, referring to the party Ms. Ardern leads. \u201cI feel like we\u2019re in a better situation than in other parts of the world, where this thing is going on and on.\u201d Two months ago, however, many in the country wondered whether that success would continue.<\/p>\n

The Auckland cluster, the country\u2019s largest, involved 179 cases. At the same time in neighboring Australia, its second-largest city, Melbourne, was in the grip of a severe second wave from which it is only now emerging. And though disease detectives struggled to pin down the origins of the Auckland outbreak, the country was ultimately able to quash it through a citywide lockdown that began the day after the first cases emerged.<\/p>\n

New Zealand is not alone in successfully pursuing an elimination strategy, with Taiwan among those following the model.<\/strong> And other places, including Hong Kong and Vietnam, have stamped out second or third waves. But experts said this approach would not necessarily work everywhere
\n<\/em><\/strong>\u201cThey\u2019ve never had a major outbreak where the number of cases have overwhelmed their public health capacity,\u201d Adam Kamradt-Scott, an associate professor of global health at the University of Sydney, said of New Zealand. He added that even though the country\u2019s size, isolation and disaster preparedness gave it distinct advantages, an elimination strategy may not be viable in the absence of a vaccine. Michael Plank, a mathematics and statistics professor at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, said that until that time, it would be wise for New Zealanders to continue wearing masks \u2014 even if the virus appeared to have been defeated.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe need to be really careful not to let our guard down,\u201d Professor Plank said. \u201cWe think we\u2019ve got a high chance now that we\u2019ve eliminated community transmission of the virus. But that doesn\u2019t mean it won\u2019t come back.\u201d And with that, we are done for today! Feels good to end on a positive note, doesn\u2019t it? Good job, New Zealand, good job. You can check out the transcription of this episode and all of our sources in the description. Don\u2019t forget to check out @fluencytvingles on Instagram, and check out fluency.io for over 600 FREE lessons in five different languages.<\/p>\n

There\u2019s a new episode of Fluency News every week, and we\u2019ll be here waiting for you. Peace out.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hello, everyone! Sejam bem-vindos e bem-vindas a mais um epis\u00f3dio da nossa nova s\u00e9rie de podcasts, o Fluency News! Aqui, voc\u00ea vai treinar a sua escuta e ficar por dentro do que est\u00e1 acontecendo no mundo, sempre com as tr\u00eas principais not\u00edcias da semana, tudo em ingl\u00eas! Ao longo do epis\u00f3dio, n\u00f3s tamb\u00e9m adicionamos explica\u00e7\u00f5es […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":64729,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":[186],"meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"trilha":[],"class_list":["post-64728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-skills","tipo-podcast-fluency-news","format-artigos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFluency News #09<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hello, everyone! 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